The CBSE Class 12 syllabus for the academic year 2025-26 has been released, and students are advised to carefully review it to plan their board exam preparation. CBSE has introduced minor syllabus updates, a competency-based learning approach, and an updated exam pattern.
Whether you are in the Science, Commerce, or Arts/Humanities stream, understanding the new syllabus will help you focus on the right topics and avoid unnecessary confusion.
Key Highlights of CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26
Before going into subject-wise details, here are the important updates in this year’s syllabus:
Syllabus largely retained: No major reductions, but some improvements in selected subjects.
More competency-based questions: A shift from rote learning to real-life application & analytical thinking.
Theory + Internal assessment weightage: Theory papers hold 80 marks, while internal assessment carries 20 marks in most subjects.
Exam pattern remains similar: Objective, short answer, long answer, and case-based questions will be included.
CBSE Class 12 Subject-Wise Syllabus 2025-26
1. Science Stream (PCM & PCB)
PCM-Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics
PCB-Physics, Chemistry, Biology
If you’re in Science, here’s what your syllabus looks like:
Physics
Electrostatics, Current Electricity
Magnetism, Electromagnetic Waves
Optics, Dual Nature of Matter
Atoms & Nuclei, Semiconductor Electronics
Changes: Some complex derivations have been removed for simplification.
Chemistry
Solid State, Solutions, Electrochemistry
Surface Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics
Coordination Compounds, Biomolecules
Organic Chemistry (Aldehydes, Ketones, Alcohols)
Changes: Certain reactions and experimental details have been revised.
Mathematics
Algebra (Matrices, Determinants)
Calculus (Limits, Differentiation, Integration)
Probability, Linear Programming
Three-Dimensional Geometry
Changes: A few advanced integrations have been removed.
Biology
Genetics & Evolution
Biotechnology & Its Applications
Human Physiology
Ecology & Environment
Changes: Some outdated scientific studies have been replaced with newer research.
Computer Science
Python Programming & Data Structures
Database Management System (SQL)
Networking & Cybersecurity
Changes: A few outdated programming methods have been removed.
2. Commerce Stream Syllabus
If you’re in Commerce, here’s what you need to focus on:
Accountancy
Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations
Partnership Firms & Companies
Financial Statements & Cash Flow Analysis
Changes: Some old formats have been replaced with the latest financial reporting standards.
Business Studies
Principles of Management
Business Finance & Marketing
Emerging Business Trends
Changes: Some case studies have been updated with real-life examples.
Economics
Microeconomics & Macroeconomics
Indian Economic Development
Government Budget & International Trade
Changes: Some complex statistical data interpretations have been revised.
3. Arts/Humanities Stream Syllabus
For Arts students, here’s the key syllabus update:
History
Themes in Indian History (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)
Nationalism & Globalization
Political Science
Indian Constitution, Federalism
Political Theories & Ideologies
Global Politics & International Relations
Geography
Human Geography & Population
Resources, Development & Climate Change
Psychology
Intelligence & Personality
Psychological Disorders
Counseling & Therapy Techniques
4. English Core & Elective
English is common for all streams.
Reading Comprehension (Passages, Note-making)
Writing Skills (Essay, Report, Letter)
Literature (Flamingo & Vistas NCERT books)
Changes: Some old literature pieces have been replaced with modern topics.
Other Languages
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
Column 4
Arabic
Hindi Core
Manipuri
Tamil
Assamese
Hindi Elective
Marathi
Tangkhul
Bengali
English Core
Mizo
Telugu AP
Bhoti
English Elective
Nepali
Telugu Telangana
Bhutia
Japanese
Odia
Tibetan
Bodo
Kannada
Persian
Urdu Core
French
Kashmiri
Punjabi
Urdu Elective
German
Kokborok
Russian
Limboo
Gujarati
Lepcha
Sanskrit Core
Sanskrit Elective
Malayalam
Sindhi
Spanish
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025-26
The exam structure remains similar, but with a greater focus on competency-based questions.
Theory Exam: 80 Marks (Mix of Subjective & Objective)
Internal Assessment: 20 Marks (Projects, Practicals, Assignments)
Students can also download the official CBSE syllabus PDFs directly from the CBSE website. Cbseacademic.nic.in
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Frequently Asked Questions
No major reductions, but minor refinements have been made in certain subjects.
Visit www.cbse.gov.in for official downloads.
These are real-life application-based questions that test your conceptual clarity
It carries 20 marks and includes projects, assignments, and practicals.
The exams will have both subjective & objective questions for a balanced assessment.
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